{"id":3591,"date":"2025-11-18T11:18:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T11:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/?p=3591"},"modified":"2025-11-25T15:58:43","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T15:58:43","slug":"white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/","title":{"rendered":"White Head &#8211; history of our economic geology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3591\" class=\"elementor elementor-3591\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2096d3da elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2096d3da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62fbd4b1\" data-id=\"62fbd4b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ab15816 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3ab15816\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-424964f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"424964f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ff9d62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ff9d62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Before the town of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Whitehead<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> came into existence, there were a number of flourishing industries in the vicinity of <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">White Head<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, the limestone headland that once stood south of the present town. These industries used the local geology as their raw material.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The local geology &#8211; red, white and black &#8211; mainly consists of Triassic mudstones (red), being the oldest rocks present, succeeded by the Cretaceous series, notably the Ulster White Limestone (white), capped by the Lower Basalts (black). Using field evidence together with a range of historical sources, the story of how these raw materials formed the basis of an important series of industries will be discussed. The area flourished during the heyday of \u2018Victorian industrialisation\u2019 with the coming of the railway, a better road network and development of harbour facilities.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Although the quarries, brickworks and harbour are now quiet and the evidence mostly long gone, the story of these industries and associated activities can be understood through historical maps, postcards, photographs and artwork. This small area hosts a lot of industrial heritage.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ian Enlander<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40d055ff elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"40d055ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-bullhorn\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M576 240c0-23.63-12.95-44.04-32-55.12V32.01C544 23.26 537.02 0 512 0c-7.12 0-14.19 2.38-19.98 7.02l-85.03 68.03C364.28 109.19 310.66 128 256 128H64c-35.35 0-64 28.65-64 64v96c0 35.35 28.65 64 64 64h33.7c-1.39 10.48-2.18 21.14-2.18 32 0 39.77 9.26 77.35 25.56 110.94 5.19 10.69 16.52 17.06 28.4 17.06h74.28c26.05 0 41.69-29.84 25.9-50.56-16.4-21.52-26.15-48.36-26.15-77.44 0-11.11 1.62-21.79 4.41-32H256c54.66 0 108.28 18.81 150.98 52.95l85.03 68.03a32.023 32.023 0 0 0 19.98 7.02c24.92 0 32-22.78 32-32V295.13C563.05 284.04 576 263.63 576 240zm-96 141.42l-33.05-26.44C392.95 311.78 325.12 288 256 288v-96c69.12 0 136.95-23.78 190.95-66.98L480 98.58v282.84z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Speaker:  Ian Enlander<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-calendar\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M400 64h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V112c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm-6 400H54c-3.3 0-6-2.7-6-6V160h352v298c0 3.3-2.7 6-6 6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Tuesday 16th December 2025  7.00pm<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-map-marker-alt\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M172.268 501.67C26.97 291.031 0 269.413 0 192 0 85.961 85.961 0 192 0s192 85.961 192 192c0 77.413-26.97 99.031-172.268 309.67-9.535 13.774-29.93 13.773-39.464 0zM192 272c44.183 0 80-35.817 80-80s-35.817-80-80-80-80 35.817-80 80 35.817 80 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Venue: Zoom<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3aec4af e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3aec4af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6e2501 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e6e2501\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f3b023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"5f3b023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-3591 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"5f3b023\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 Beach Road quarry and kilns, Whitehead\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU5NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2JlbGZhc3RnZW9sb2dpc3RzLm9yZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDlcLzEtQmVhY2gtUm9hZC1xdWFycnktYW5kLWtpbG5zLVdoaXRlaGVhZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI1ZjNiMDIzIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/1-Beach-Road-quarry-and-kilns-Whitehead.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/1-Beach-Road-quarry-and-kilns-Whitehead-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"5f3b023\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"2 George Victor du Noyer watercolour, White Head as was, c. 1867 - 1868\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU5NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2JlbGZhc3RnZW9sb2dpc3RzLm9yZ1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDlcLzItR2VvcmdlLVZpY3Rvci1kdS1Ob3llci13YXRlcmNvbG91ci1XaGl0ZS1IZWFkLWFzLXdhcy1jLi0xODY3LTE4NjguanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNWYzYjAyMyJ9\" href='https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/2-George-Victor-du-Noyer-watercolour-White-Head-as-was-c.-1867-1868.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/2-George-Victor-du-Noyer-watercolour-White-Head-as-was-c.-1867-1868-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tuesday 16th December 2025<br \/>\nTalk by Ian Enlander<br \/>\nTime 7pm<br \/>\nVenue Zoom              <\/p>\n<p>Before the town of Whitehead came into existence, there were a number of flourishing industries in the vicinity of White Head, the limestone headland that once stood south of the present town. These industries used the local geology as their raw material. <\/p>\n<p>The local geology &#8211; red, white and black &#8211; mainly consists of Triassic mudstones (red), being the oldest rocks present, succeeded by the Cretaceous series, notably the Ulster White Limestone (white), capped by the Lower Basalts (black). Using field evidence together with a range of historical sources, the story of how these raw materials formed the basis of an important series of industries will be discussed. The area flourished during the heyday of \u2018Victorian industrialisation\u2019 with the coming of the railway, a better road network and development of harbour facilities. <\/p>\n<p>Although the quarries, brickworks and harbour are now quiet and the evidence mostly long gone, the story of these industries and associated activities can be understood through historical maps, postcards, photographs and artwork. This small area hosts a lot of industrial heritage. <\/p>\n<p>Ian Enlander <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lectures"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>White Head - history of our economic geology - Belfast Geologist&#039; Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"White Head - history of our economic geology - Belfast Geologist&#039; Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tuesday 16th December 2025 Talk by Ian Enlander Time 7pm Venue Zoom        Before the town of Whitehead came into existence, there were a number of flourishing industries in the vicinity of White Head, the limestone headland that once stood south of the present town. These industries used the local geology as their raw material.   The local geology - red, white and black - mainly consists of Triassic mudstones (red), being the oldest rocks present, succeeded by the Cretaceous series, notably the Ulster White Limestone (white), capped by the Lower Basalts (black). Using field evidence together with a range of historical sources, the story of how these raw materials formed the basis of an important series of industries will be discussed. The area flourished during the heyday of \u2018Victorian industrialisation\u2019 with the coming of the railway, a better road network and development of harbour facilities.   Although the quarries, brickworks and harbour are now quiet and the evidence mostly long gone, the story of these industries and associated activities can be understood through historical maps, postcards, photographs and artwork. This small area hosts a lot of industrial heritage.   Ian Enlander\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Belfast Geologist&#039; Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-18T11:18:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-25T15:58:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-The-White-Harbour-Knocknagulliagh-White-Head.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"983\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Gary Hamilton\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Gary Hamilton\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Gary Hamilton\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0dc0aa96e5c951f487b3029bcbf99dc2\"},\"headline\":\"White Head &#8211; history of our economic geology\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-18T11:18:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-25T15:58:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":193,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/3-The-White-Harbour-Knocknagulliagh-White-Head.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Lectures\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/\",\"name\":\"White Head - history of our economic geology - Belfast Geologist&#039; Society\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/3-The-White-Harbour-Knocknagulliagh-White-Head.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-18T11:18:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-25T15:58:43+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/3-The-White-Harbour-Knocknagulliagh-White-Head.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/3-The-White-Harbour-Knocknagulliagh-White-Head.jpg\",\"width\":983,\"height\":720},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/18\\\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"White Head &#8211; history of our economic geology\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"Belfast Geologist&#039; Society\",\"description\":\"Local Landscapes Iconic Rocks\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Belfast Geologist&#039; Society\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/belfast-geoologists-logo-copy.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/belfast-geoologists-logo-copy.png\",\"width\":868,\"height\":252,\"caption\":\"Belfast Geologist&#039; Society\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0dc0aa96e5c951f487b3029bcbf99dc2\",\"name\":\"Gary Hamilton\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/b9909f8d3e0b098d696f55ec19e46ba6f17faa22d3c14be8f3a3fc95ba827e95?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/b9909f8d3e0b098d696f55ec19e46ba6f17faa22d3c14be8f3a3fc95ba827e95?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/b9909f8d3e0b098d696f55ec19e46ba6f17faa22d3c14be8f3a3fc95ba827e95?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Gary Hamilton\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/belfastgeologists.org\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/garyadmin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"White Head - history of our economic geology - Belfast Geologist&#039; Society","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"White Head - history of our economic geology - Belfast Geologist&#039; Society","og_description":"Tuesday 16th December 2025 Talk by Ian Enlander Time 7pm Venue Zoom        Before the town of Whitehead came into existence, there were a number of flourishing industries in the vicinity of White Head, the limestone headland that once stood south of the present town. These industries used the local geology as their raw material.   The local geology - red, white and black - mainly consists of Triassic mudstones (red), being the oldest rocks present, succeeded by the Cretaceous series, notably the Ulster White Limestone (white), capped by the Lower Basalts (black). Using field evidence together with a range of historical sources, the story of how these raw materials formed the basis of an important series of industries will be discussed. The area flourished during the heyday of \u2018Victorian industrialisation\u2019 with the coming of the railway, a better road network and development of harbour facilities.   Although the quarries, brickworks and harbour are now quiet and the evidence mostly long gone, the story of these industries and associated activities can be understood through historical maps, postcards, photographs and artwork. This small area hosts a lot of industrial heritage.   Ian Enlander","og_url":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/","og_site_name":"Belfast Geologist&#039; Society","article_published_time":"2025-11-18T11:18:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-11-25T15:58:43+00:00","og_image":[{"width":983,"height":720,"url":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-The-White-Harbour-Knocknagulliagh-White-Head.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Gary Hamilton","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Gary Hamilton","Estimated reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/"},"author":{"name":"Gary Hamilton","@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/#\/schema\/person\/0dc0aa96e5c951f487b3029bcbf99dc2"},"headline":"White Head &#8211; history of our economic geology","datePublished":"2025-11-18T11:18:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-11-25T15:58:43+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/"},"wordCount":193,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-The-White-Harbour-Knocknagulliagh-White-Head.jpg","articleSection":["Lectures"],"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/","url":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/","name":"White Head - history of our economic geology - Belfast Geologist&#039; Society","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-The-White-Harbour-Knocknagulliagh-White-Head.jpg","datePublished":"2025-11-18T11:18:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-11-25T15:58:43+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-The-White-Harbour-Knocknagulliagh-White-Head.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-The-White-Harbour-Knocknagulliagh-White-Head.jpg","width":983,"height":720},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/white-head-history-of-our-economic-geology\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"White Head &#8211; history of our economic geology"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/","name":"Belfast Geologist&#039; Society","description":"Local Landscapes Iconic Rocks","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/#organization","name":"Belfast Geologist&#039; Society","url":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/belfast-geoologists-logo-copy.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/belfast-geoologists-logo-copy.png","width":868,"height":252,"caption":"Belfast Geologist&#039; Society"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/#\/schema\/person\/0dc0aa96e5c951f487b3029bcbf99dc2","name":"Gary Hamilton","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b9909f8d3e0b098d696f55ec19e46ba6f17faa22d3c14be8f3a3fc95ba827e95?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b9909f8d3e0b098d696f55ec19e46ba6f17faa22d3c14be8f3a3fc95ba827e95?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b9909f8d3e0b098d696f55ec19e46ba6f17faa22d3c14be8f3a3fc95ba827e95?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Gary Hamilton"},"url":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/author\/garyadmin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3591"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3636,"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3591\/revisions\/3636"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belfastgeologists.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}